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Perspective on verifiable data.
Primers, technical deep dives, and analysis of zero-knowledge databases — and the regulated data systems of the next decade.
Briefing Notes — Monthly
One considered email a month, for the people who build and regulate data systems.
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Literature6 min
A decade of verifiable databases, read and annotated
From IntegriDB (2015) to PoneglyphDB (2025), every system that has shaped how we think about cryptographic verifiability for SQL — and what we learned reading them in sequence.
Industry7 min
Your bank's stress-test submission is cryptographic theater
The CCAR / DFAST process is the most expensive performance of supervisory verification in finance. None of it is mathematically verified. Here is what would change if it were.